Chronic rhinosinusitis: phenotypes and endotypes

Purpose of review Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a broad classification of airway inflammation that affects a significant portion of the population. The current model of delineating patients suffering from CRS is dated and is no longer as simple as the presence of polyps or no polyps. Continued advances in the endotype descriptions of CRS have allowed for new phenotypic descriptions that aid in driving management and research efforts. Recent findings Geographic differences exist between patient presentations, which require a molecular evaluation of the driving forces. Increased understanding of these differences allows for patient-specific treatment decisions. Summary New descriptions of CRS phenotypes allow for more targeted therapy for patients, particularly to those with difficult to control disease. The previously broad classification of CRS with or without nasal polyps is no longer sufficient at driving these treatment decisions.