细胞毒性T细胞
化学
T细胞
小干扰RNA
肿瘤微环境
免疫检查点
基因沉默
细胞生物学
癌症研究
免疫系统
免疫疗法
转染
生物
免疫学
体外
生物化学
基因
作者
Mitra Ghasemi‐Chaleshtari,Seyed Hossein Kiaie,Mahzad Irandoust,Hadis Karami,Mohsen Nabi‐Afjadi,Sepideh Ghani,Nasimeh Aghaei Vanda,Mohammad Javad Ghaderi Sede,Armin Ahmadi,Ali Masjedi,Hadi Hassannia,Fatemeh Atyabi,Mohammad Hojjat‐Farsangi,Afshin Namdar,Ghasem Ghalamfarsa,Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
摘要
Abstract Inhibitory immune checkpoint (ICP) molecules are important immunosuppressive factors in a tumor microenvironment (TME). They can robustly suppress T‐cell‐mediated antitumor immune responses leading to cancer progression. Among the checkpoint molecules, cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated protein‐4 (CTLA‐4) is one of the critical inhibitors of anticancer T‐cell responses. Besides, the expression of adenosine receptor (A2AR) on tumor‐infiltrating T cells potently reduces their function. We hypothesized that concomitant silencing of these molecules in T cells might lead to enhanced antitumor responses. To examine this assumption, we purified T cells from the tumor, spleen, and local lymph nodes of CT26 colon cancer‐bearing mice and suppressed the expression of A2AR and CTLA‐4 using the small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐loaded polyethylene glycol‐chitosan‐alginate (PCA) nanoparticles. The appropriate physicochemical properties of the produced nanoparticles (NPs; size of 72 nm, polydispersive index [PDI] < 0.2, and zeta potential of 11 mV) resulted in their high efficiency in transfection and suppression of target gene expression. Following the silencing of checkpoint molecules, various T‐cell functions, including proliferation, apoptosis, cytokine secretion, differentiation, and cytotoxicity were analyzed, ex vivo. The results showed that the generated nanoparticles had optimal physicochemical characteristics and significantly suppressed the expression of target molecules in T cells. Moreover, a concomitant blockade of A2AR and CTLA‐4 in T cells could synergistically enhance antitumor responses through the downregulation of PKA, SHP2, and PP2Aα signaling pathways. Therefore, this combination therapy can be considered as a novel promising anticancer therapeutic strategy, which should be further investigated in subsequent studies.
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