Current state-of-the-art characterization techniques for probing the layered oxide cathode materials of sodium-ion batteries

材料科学 阴极 表征(材料科学) 纳米技术 电解质 电化学 价(化学) 电极 氧化物 电池(电) 工程物理 电气工程 化学 工程类 物理化学 功率(物理) 物理 有机化学 冶金 量子力学
作者
Qiuyu Shen,Yongchang Liu,Lifang Jiao,Xuanhui Qu,Jun Chen
出处
期刊:Energy Storage Materials [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:35: 400-430 被引量:67
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.11.002
摘要

Layered transition-metal oxides have been extensively pursued as promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) by virtue of their two-dimensional Na-diffusion channels and high theoretical capacities. Nevertheless, irreversible phase transitions, structural instability, and moisture sensitivity place obstacles in their way to approach higher performance. Aiming at tackling these challenging issues, an in-depth understanding of the structural evolutions, morphology changes, composition and valence variations, as well as the electrode/electrolyte interface reactions upon battery cycling is of vital importance. Current state-of-the-art characterization techniques can gain valuable insights into the elusive reaction mechanisms, yield an overall picture of the battery configurations, and provide a guideline for the design of new electrode materials. Herein, the latest progresses on the applications of advanced analytical techniques to probe the Na-storage layered oxide cathodes are comprehensively summarized. In-situ or operando techniques are highlighted in this review to directly link the real-time structure, morphology, composition information with the electrochemical response, and the electrochemical measurements are also mentioned in selected examples. Special attention is paid to the detection principle of each technique and what valuable information can be obtained. Finally, the future developments of layered oxides towards high-performance SIB cathode materials with the help of advanced diagnostic methods are well prospected.
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