Pulses’ germination and fermentation: Two bioprocessing against hypertension by releasing ACE inhibitory peptides

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is one of the main blood pressure regulators in the renin-angiotensin system leading to hypertension. Hypertension is known as the modern world disease which increases the risk of serious human health problems. Synthetic drugs and some natural compounds could treat this disease by binding to ACE and reducing its activity. Pulses, one of the legumes group, that are the rich in protein sources in the human diet, have several bioactive compounds with ACE inhibitory (ACE I) properties. However, several processes need to break down proteins and improve ACE I activity in foods. Germination and fermentation, known by bioprocessing, could make releasing bioactive peptides and polyphenols and exhibit ACE I and either other health properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities. Various factors such as kind of selective culture, temperature, time and humidity affect these processes. This review summarizes relevant studies about the effect of pulses' germination and fermentation to produce ACE I activity compounds and also explains about main parameters affecting the health properties of these two bioprocessing to treat hypertension that could lead to the development of their application in pharmaceuticals instead of synthetic drugs.