The potential importance of soil denitrification as a major N loss pathway in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems

反硝化 底土 表土 环境科学 土壤水分 浸出(土壤学) 农学 肥料 灌溉 稻草 化学 氮气 土壤科学 生物 有机化学
作者
Waqas Qasim,Yiming Zhao,Li Wan,Haofeng Lv,Shan Lin,Gretchen M. Gettel,Klaus Butterbach‐Bahl
出处
期刊:Plant and Soil [Springer Nature]
卷期号:471 (1-2): 157-174 被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1007/s11104-021-05187-2
摘要

Abstract Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha −1 , 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha −1 , 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha −1 , 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha −1 , 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha −1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N 2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH 3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.
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