反硝化
底土
表土
环境科学
土壤水分
浸出(土壤学)
农学
肥料
灌溉
稻草
化学
氮气
土壤科学
生物
有机化学
作者
Waqas Qasim,Yiming Zhao,Li Wan,Haofeng Lv,Shan Lin,Gretchen M. Gettel,Klaus Butterbach‐Bahl
出处
期刊:Plant and Soil
[Springer Nature]
日期:2021-11-10
卷期号:471 (1-2): 157-174
被引量:12
标识
DOI:10.1007/s11104-021-05187-2
摘要
Abstract Background About 30 % of vegetables in China are produced in intensively managed greenhouses comprising flood irrigation and extreme rates of nitrogen fertilizers. Little is known about denitrification N losses. Methods Soil denitrification rates were measured by the acetylene inhibition technique applied to anaerobically incubated soil samples. Four different greenhouse management systems were differentiated: Conventional flood irrigation and over-fertilization (CIF, 800 kg N ha −1 , 460 mm); CIF plus straw incorporation (CIF+S, 889 kg N ha −1 , 460 mm); Drip fertigation with reduced fertilizer application rates (DIF, 314 kg N ha −1 , 190 mm); DIF plus straw incorporation (DIF+S, 403 kg N ha −1 , 190 mm). Soil denitrification was measured on nine sampling dates during the growing season (Feb 2019-May 2019) for the top-/ subsoil (0 – 20/ 20- 40 cm) and on three sampling dates for deep soils (40-60/ 80-100 cm). Data was used to constrain N-input-output balances of the different vegetable production systems. Results Rates of denitrification were at least one magnitude higher in topsoil than in sub- and deep soils. Total seasonal denitrification N losses for the 0 – 40 cm soil layer ranged from 76 (DIF) to 422 kg N ha −1 (CIF+S). Straw addition stimulated soil denitrification in top- and subsoil, but not in deep soil layers. Integrating our denitrification data (0-100 cm) with additional data on N leaching, N 2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and NH 3 volatilization showed, that on average 50 % of added N fertilizers are lost due to denitrification. Conclusions Denitrification is likely the dominant environmental N loss pathway in greenhouse vegetable production systems. Reducing irrigation and fertilizer application rates while incorporating straw in soils allows the reduction of accumulated nitrate.
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