Costunolide suppresses an inflammatory angiogenic response in a subcutaneous murine sponge model

Costunolide is known to possess anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activity, but its role in tumor angiogenesis, the key step involved in tumor growth and metastasis, and the involved molecular mechanism is still unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of costunolide on key components of inflammatory angiogenesis in the murine cannulated sponge implant angiogenesis model. Polyester‐polyurethane sponges, used as a framework for fibrovascular tissue growth, were implanted in Swiss albino mice and costunolide (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day) was administered for 14 days through installed cannula. The implants collected at day 14 post‐implantation were processed for the assessment of hemoglobin (Hb), myeloperoxidase ( MPO ), N ‐acetylglucosaminidase ( NAG ) and collagen, which were used as indices for angiogenesis, neutrophil and macrophage accumulation, and extracellular matrix deposition, respectively. Relevant inflammatory, angiogenic and fibrogenic cytokines were also determined. Costunolide treatment attenuated the main components of the fibrovascular tissue, wet weight, vascularization (Hb content), macrophage recruitment ( NAG activity), collagen deposition, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ), interleukin ( IL )‐1β, IL ‐6, IL ‐17, tumor necrosis factor ( TNF )‐α and transforming growth factor ( TGF ‐β). Regulatory function of costunolide on multiple parameters of the main components of inflammatory angiogenesis has been revealed giving insight into the potential therapeutic benefit underlying the anti‐angiogenic actions of costunolide.