Geolocation of Lunar Observations With JiLin-1 High-Resolution Optical Sensor

The radiometric properties of the lunar nearside have been used as a function of the observation geometry to generate disk-equivalent irradiance and as a reference for satellite measurements. However, lunar libration and non-Lambertian surface are among the factors that limit the accuracy of lunar irradiance models. Radiance knowledge of specific parts of the Moon also provides calibration standards. The regions can be identified in high-resolution lunar views from Moon orbiters and Earth-orbiting spacecraft, and very little work has been done to place the two-dimensional images from the latter under a designated frame. The lunar phase modifies grayscale or texture information, and image-matching algorithms are limited. The panchromatic and multispectral sensor (PMS) on the JiLin-1 GuangPu-02 (JL1GP02) operating in low Earth orbit can obtain spatially resolved images of the Moon by continuous sampling relying on maneuvers. In this work, we propose a geometric sensor model for PMS, construct geographic (or rather selenographic) positions in grid format, and then combine it with global lunar reference map to create simulated images, which are used to identify tie points with Wide Angle Camera (WAC) orthophoto map with similar geometry structure to characterize geometric errors. We also assume imaging as area charge-coupled device (CCD) for simplification and introduce two methods of instrument pointing correction based on image space residuals. The quality of the results is finally discussed. The results can be exploited to determine the geographic location of the observed targets and subdivision regions and to facilitate studies of the photometric properties of the targets in selected domains.