Challenges in Developing MOF-Based Membranes for Gas Separation

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for membrane gas separation. MOF-based membranes include pure MOF membranes and MOF-based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). This Perspective discusses the challenges for the next stage of the development of MOF-based membranes based on research conducted in the past decade. We focused on three major issues associated with pure MOF membranes. First, some MOF compounds have been overstudied, despite the availability of numerous MOFs. Second, gas adsorption and diffusion in MOFs are often independently investigated. The correlation between adsorption and diffusion has seldom been discussed. Third, we identify the importance of characterizing the gas distribution in MOFs to understand the structure–property relationships for gas adsorption and diffusion in MOF membranes. For MOF-based MMMs, engineering the MOF–polymer interface is essential for achieving the desired separation performance. Various approaches to modify the MOF surface or polymer molecular structure have been proposed to improve the MOF–polymer interface. Herein, we present defect engineering as a facile and efficient approach for engineering the MOF–polymer interfacial morphology and its extended application for various gas separations.