Fundamentals and applications of nanobubbles: A review

Nanobubble technology is an emerged solution to address climate change, environmental challenges, cost and energy reduction in industrial processes, optimization of therapeutic and diagnostic techniques and other applications. Although nanobubble production and exploitation is a recently developed field, there are numerous reports and studies of their properties and promising implementation in various sectors. This work aims to give a condense information regarding the most recent (since 2017) scientific findings in the potentials of nanobubbles as a versatile and sustainable technology. Environmental, agricultural, medical/bio-medical and otether applications are reviewed and the most indicative of each sector is presented in detail. A special focus is given on water and wastewater treatment implementation.