Polyoxometalate (POM)-based battery materials: Correlation between dimensionality of support material and energy storage performance

The exponentially growing need to meet the energy storage requirements of a contemporary society has focused the worldwide efforts on the development of high energy density battery materials. Polyoxometalates (POMs) are well known species of different structural features and sizes that possess multi-electron transfer properties, rendering them highly promising and versatile candidates for use in battery systems. However, the solubility and agglomeration issues associated with POMs impede them from further practical use. Appropriate choice of support materials can not only maximize the energy storage potential of POMs, but also produce constructive synergistic effects with POMs. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent advances in POM-based battery materials and highlight the impact of dimensionality of support materials (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D) on the energy storage performance of POMs. Furthermore, representative examples of POM-based materials in diverse battery systems are presented, and the future challenges and perspectives of POM-based battery materials are discussed.