医学
流行病学
环境卫生
风险因素
膀胱癌
癌症
病理
内科学
作者
Ibrahim Jubber,Sean Ong,Laura Bukavina,Peter C. Black,Éva Compérat,Ashish M. Kamat,Lambertus A. Kiemeney,Nathan Lawrentschuk,Seth P. Lerner,Joshua J. Meeks,Holger Moch,Andrea Necchi,Valeria Panebianco,Srikala S. Sridhar,Paul Brennan,James W.F. Catto,Marcus Cumberbatch
标识
DOI：10.1016/j.eururo.2023.03.029
摘要
Bladder cancer (BC) is common worldwide and poses a significant public health challenge. External risk factors and the wider exposome (totality of exposure from external and internal factors) contribute significantly to the development of BC. Therefore, establishing a clear understanding of these risk factors is the key to prevention.
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