Remediation treatment and resource utilization trends of electrolytic manganese residue

Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) is a hazardous solid waste produced during manganese hydrometallurgy. The accumulation of EMR not only occupies significant land resources, but also pollutes water resources and even endangers the safety of human life and property. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient EMR treatment methods. This work reviews the literature related to the treatment and resource utilization of EMR. Treatment technologies used to render EMR remediation, including solidification treatment, hydrometallurgy, and pyrometallurgy are summarized. Furthermore, resource utilization applications such as construction materials, functional materials, organic fertilizers, and wastewater treatment are discussed. This review provides guidance for the selection and development of secondary resources for EMR and proposes a new route to treat EMR using micro-powder technology.