Sulfur cathode

Room-temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries have spurred attention for their enhanced theoretical energy density and impressive individual storage capacities. Despite their advantages, their road to practicality is still full of thorns owing to the intrinsic insulating nature of sulfur and its insoluble discharge moieties. Besides, the complexity of dissolved long-chain polysulfides leads to severe shuttling phenomena, resulting in inherent sluggish redox kinetics. This chapter mainly focuses on the sulfur cathode's mechanistic chemistry and critical challenges, highlighting the potential strategies for developing a realized stable sulfur cathode. In particular, a comprehensive study on the rational design of matrices for sulfur cathode has been overviewed on the influence factors of inherent sluggish chemistries and shuttle effect. Based on the recent advancements in developing a stable sulfur cathode, a future outlook has been proposed to further shed light on the commercial aspect of the RT Na-S batteries. This book chapter aims to bridge the gap between the ongoing research hotspot and the commercialization of RT Na-S technology.