[Early results of modified Bikini approach periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia under 50 years of age].

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of modified Bikini approach periacetabular osteotomy in the treatment of developmental hip dysplasia under 50 years of age. Methods: The clinical data of 39 patients with developmental hip dysplasia who underwent periacetabular osteotomy in the Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Among them, 20 patients (21 hips) underwent the improved Bikini approach (study group) and 19 patients (20 hips) underwent the improved Smith-Petersen approach (control group).In the study group, there were 3 males and 17 females, aged(M(IQR))27.5 (14.3) years (range:11 to 44 years).In the control group, there were 2 males and 17 females, aged 27.5 (19.3) years (range:17 to 47 years).Both groups were sutured in the same manner by the same physician.Incision length, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and complications were recorded.X-ray images, anterior central marginal angle (ACE), lateral central marginal Angle (LCE) and acetabulum tilt angle (Tonnis AI) were measured before and after the operation.The coverage rate of acetabulum to femoral head (AHI) was measured and calculated, and the healing time was observed.Harris Hip score, International Hip score (IHOT)-12 and visual analogue scale (VAS) were recorded before and after surgery.Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) score and patient and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS) score were recorded 12 months after surgery.The independent sample t test,Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the clinical efficacy between the two groups. Results: All patients successfully completed the operation.There was no significant difference in operation time and intraoperative blood loss between the two groups (all P>0.05).The incision length of the study group was smaller than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (10.5(5.0)cm vs.15.0(3.0),W=309.000,P=0.007).Patients were followed up for (19.1±11.1) months (range:12 to 60 months).Femoral nerve stretching injury occurred in 2 cases and sciatic branch fracture occurred in 1 case in the study group, all of which recovered to normal at 3 months follow-up, while no corresponding injury occurred in the control group.Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury occurred in 3 cases in the study group and 2 cases in the control group.Delayed wound healing occurred in 1 case in each of the two groups, and both healed after re-operation debridement and suture.Pubic branch nonunion occurred in 4 patients in the study group and 5 patients in the control group.There were no serious complications such as sciatic nerve and femoral blood vessel injury between the 2 groups, and there was no statistical significance in the incidence of complications between the 2 groups (52.4%(11/21)vs.40.0%(8/20),χ2=0.631,P=0.427).The clinical healing time of the patient was (4.5±1.3) months after surgery (range:3.0 to 8.0 months).There were no significant differences in ACE, LCE, Tonnis AI and AHI between the 2 groups (all P>0.05).At the last follow-up, there were no significant differences in VAS,Harris hip score and IHOT-12 score between the two groups (all P>0.05).The incision scars in the study group were smaller than those in the control group, and the differences in VSS and POSAS were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with the improved Smith-Petersen approach, the improved Bikini approach has the same early clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with developmental hip dysplasia under the age of 50, and has the advantages of smaller postoperative incision scars, more hidden and beautiful incision, and no serious complications, which is worthy of further study and promotion.目的： 探讨改良Bikini入路髋臼周围截骨术治疗50岁以下发育性髋关节发育不良的有效性及安全性。 方法： 回顾性分析2016年6月至2021年6月于贵州省人民医院骨科行髋臼周围截骨术的39例发育性髋关节发育不良患者的临床资料。其中采用改良Bikini入路（研究组）20例（21髋），改良Smith-Petersen入路（对照组）19例（20髋）。研究组男性3例，女性17例，年龄［M（IQR）］27.5（14.3）岁（范围：11~44岁）；对照组男性2例，女性17例，年龄27.5（19.3）岁（范围：17~47岁）。两组患者均由同一名医师采用同种方式缝合。记录患者的切口长度、手术时间、术中出血量及并发症情况；通过测量X线片，记录手术前后前中心边缘角（ACE）、外侧中心边缘角（LCE）、臼顶倾斜角，测量并计算髋臼对股骨头的覆盖率（AHI），观察截骨愈合时间；记录手术前后Harris髋关节评分、国际髋关节评分（IHOT）-12、疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）；记录术后12个月温哥华瘢痕量表（VSS）评分和患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表（POSAS）评分。组间比较采用独立样本t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验、χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法。 结果： 患者均顺利完成手术，两组患者手术时间、术中出血量的差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）；研究组切口长度为10.5（5.0）cm，小于对照组的15.0（3.0）cm，差异有统计学意义（W=309.000，P=0.007）。患者随访时间（19.1±11.1）个月（范围：12~60个月）。研究组出现股神经牵拉损伤2例次，坐骨支骨折1例次，均于术后3个月随访时恢复正常，对照组未出现相应损伤。研究组出现股外侧皮神经损伤3例次，对照组2例次。两组各出现切口延迟愈合1例次，均经再次手术清创缝合后愈合；研究组出现耻骨支延迟愈合4例次，对照组5例次。两组患者均无坐骨神经、股血管损伤等严重并发症发生，组间并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义［52.4%（11/21）比40.0%（8/20），χ2=0.631，P=0.427］。患者临床截骨愈合时间为术后（4.5±1.3）个月（范围：3.0~8.0个月）。两组术后矫形效果均良好，组间ACE、LCE、臼顶倾斜角、AHI的差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。末次随访时，两组患者VAS、Harris评分、IHOT-12评分的差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。研究组的切口瘢痕小于对照组，VSS和POSAS差异均有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。 结论： 改良Bikini入路髋臼周围截骨术治疗50岁以下发育性髋关节发育不良患者，与改良Smith-Petersen入路相比，早期临床疗效相当，具有术后切口瘢痕更小、切口更隐蔽美观的优势，且无严重并发症发生，值得进一步研究推广。.