Magnetic solid phase extraction based on metal organic framework for pharmaceutical analysis from food, environmental and biological media

Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) is gaining increasing attention in the study of extracting pharmaceutical molecules from complex matrices, which can be attributed to the emergence of adsorbents such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Magnetic MOFs (MMOFs) show great potential in adsorption and separation of pharmaceuticals in complex substrates due to their large surface area, uniformly adjustable pore size and easy recovery. This paper reviews the recent progress of MMOFs in extraction and detection of various pharmaceutical from food, environment and biological samples. The preparation methods of different types of Fe3O4-based magnetic MOFs and MOFs-derived magnetic carbon adsorbents are also briefly introduced. Finally, the challenges and research directions of MMOFs in the field of pharmaceutical analysis are discussed and elaborated. This paper aims to provide theoretical basis for the development and application of emerging MMOFs extractants, and expand new directions for the extraction and analysis of pharmaceuticals.