A strategy to distinguish similar traditional Chinese medicines by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, electronic senses, and gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry: Marsdeniae tenacissimae Caulis and Paederiae scandens Caulis as examples

In this study, for the first time, the combined use of LC-MS, E-tongue, E-nose, GC-IMS, and multivariate statistical analysis has proven to be an effective method for distinguishing between MTC and PSC from multiple perspectives. This approach provides a valuable reference for the identification of other visually similar traditional Chinese medicines.