THE PROBLEM OF SOIL SALINIZATION

The purpose of this article is to study the problem of soil salinization, to identify the causes of salt in the soil, to consider effective solutions to this problem. Various types of salinization are shown, which includes primary salinization associated with natural processes (weathering of minerals, etc.), and secondary salinization, which is the result of improper irrigation regime and resulting from excessive watering, which increases the level of salty groundwater or irrigation with highly mineralized water. The problems of the detrimental effect of salinization on the soil, ways of its elimination and consequences are revealed. The measures necessary to restore saline soils by leaching salts from the soil profile due to excessive irrigation in combination with a drainage system deep enough to prevent capillary rise of water back to the root zone or to the soil surface are shown. The issue of salinity is an urgent problem in coastal areas around the world. This affects the natural environment and leads to huge economic losses due to the impact on agricultural productivity and food safety. Soil salinization is one of the serious problems of land degradation due to its adverse impact on land productivity. Soil salinity depends on both natural and anthropogenic factors. And also examples of salinization on various soil sites are given, which include arid, semi-arid soils, the most susceptible to primary salinization, subhumid and others. Salinization worsens the soil structure, which leads to a decrease in water infiltration, which is the seepage of water into the soil and groundwater through special rocks, and air penetration into the soil profile. Every year, a large amount of land is degraded due to primary or secondary salinization of soils, as a result of which it becomes a major economic problem and there is a need to take care of the environment.