Metal–Organic Framework on Fullerene (MOFOF) as a Hierarchical Composite by the Integration of Coordination Chemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry

There is a synergy between coordination chemistry and supramolecular chemistry that has led to the development of innovative hierarchical composites with diverse functionalities. Here, we present a novel approach for the synthesis and characterization of a metal–organic framework on fullerene (MOFOF) composites, achieved through the integration of coordination chemistry and supramolecular chemistry principles. The hierarchical nature of the MOFOF harnesses the inherent properties of metal–organic frameworks and fullerenes. The two-step synthesis procedure involves controlled assembly of fullerenes as tube-like nanostructures (fullerene nanotube: FNT), their surface functionalization, and the on-surface growth of the MOF (in this case, ZIF-67). The method permits the precise tuning of morphology, effective distribution of MOF-on-FNT, and tight compositional control. The materials were comprehensively structurally characterized using electron microscopy, spectroscopic techniques, and other methods to elucidate the unique features and interactions within the MOFOF composites. The main findings reveal that the novel synthesis and characterization of MOFOF composites demonstrate the successful integration of coordination chemistry and supramolecular chemistry for the designing and fabricating of advanced hierarchical composites with tailored properties, including micro- and mesopore channels, interfacial facets, and defect sites. These properties are expected to lead to numerous potential applications such as gas storage and separation, catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and environmental remediation. However, only the capability of acid vapor sensing was tested and is described here.