Lung megakaryocytes engulf inhaled airborne particles to promote intrapulmonary inflammation and extrapulmonary distribution

Many lung immune cells are known to respond to inhaled particulate matter. However, current known responses cannot explain how particles induce thrombosis in the lung and how they translocate to distant organs. Here, we demonstrate that lung megakaryocytes (MKs) in the alveolar and interstitial regions display location-determined characteristics and act as crucial responders to inhaled particles. They move rapidly to engulf particles and become activated with upregulation in inflammatory responses and thrombopoiesis. Comprehensive in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo results unraveled that MKs were involved in particle-induced lung damages and shed particle-containing platelets into blood circulation. Moreover, MK-derived platelets exhibited faster clotting, stronger adhesion than normal resting platelets, and inherited the engulfed particles from parent MKs to assist in extrapulmonary particle transportation. Our findings collectively highlight that the specific responses of MKs towards inhaled particles and their roles in facilitating the translocation of particles from the lungs to extrapulmonary organs for clearance. Here, the authors show that megakaryocytes in the interstitial and alveolar regions of the lung move to engulf inhaled airborne particles and generate particle-bearing platelets, providing a path for the transfer of particles out of the lung to extraplumonary organs.