Evaluation of anti-emetic activity of Syzygium aromaticum extracts in chick and rat models of emesis

Emesis, a multifaceted physiological response, presents significant challenges in clinical scenarios such as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.Novel antiemetic interventions are imperative to enhance patient care and well-being.This study investigated the antiemetic potential of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extract using a comprehensive approach involving phytochemical analysis and animal models of emesis.Using chick model of emesis, male chicks aged 4 days were assigned to groups receiving different treatments, including copper sulfate, clove extract and metoclopramide.The effectiveness of treatments were assessed by monitoring retching frequency and changes in feed intake.Similarly, albino Wistar rats were used modelling emesis in rat and were categorized into groups receiving cisplatin, clove extract and metoclopramide as a standard control.Emetic responses were evaluated through pica behaviour assessment.In the chick model, a single dose of the following drugs was administered, either orally (p.o) or intra-peritoneally (i.p) as following: Copper sulfate at 50mg/kg p.o., Clove extract at 50mg/kg p.o, and Metoclopramide at 100mg/kg i.p.For the rat animal model, a once-daily dosage of cisplatin at 3 mg/kg i.p, metoclopramide at 2.5 mg/kg i.p., and clove extract at 100 mg/kg p.o. for three consecutive days were administered.Phytochemical analysis unveiled the intricate composition of clove extract, with eugenol standing out as a prominent constituent (71.56%).In the chick model, clove extract reduced copper sulfate-induced retching, displaying an impressive 84.63% inhibition rate.Similarly, in the rat model, the extract significantly alleviated cisplatin-induced pica behavior, with a statistically significant reduction in retching instances (P < 0.05).Clove extract's multifaceted antiemetic effects, attributed to eugenol and other bioactive components, provide promising insights for managing emesis.The study's findings hold translational significance, suggesting clove extract's potential as a complementary antiemetic therapy alongside conventional treatments.The identification of eugenol as a key contributor warrants further investigation into molecular mechanisms, offering hope for effectively managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.