Comparative study between unilateral and bilateral extrapedicular approaches for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A retrospective study

Objective Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a primary treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF). Historically, surgeons preferred a bilateral approach for PVP; however, this approach may impose greater financial strain on patients. This retrospective study examines the efficacy of the unilateral approach compared to the bilateral approach. Methods A total of193 patients were categorized into Group A (unilaterally extrapedicular approach) and Group B (bilateral approach) based on the operative method. Efficacy was evaluated using perioperative indicators, follow-up results, and imaging evaluation results. Results Out of the 193 patients involved, 169 were eligible for analysis. All patients completed follow-up visits lasting 49–70 months. Compared to Group B, Group A exhibited significantly shorter operation time, puncture duration, amount of bone cement injected, and number of X-ray fluoroscopies ( P < 0.05). While initial pain reduction, as measured by the visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores, was lower in Group A, the difference between the groups narrowed by the final follow-up. At the final imaging follow-up, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding the relative height of the injured vertebral bodies and local Cobb angle measurements. Conclusions This technique holds the potential for accelerated patient rehabilitation and reduced hospitalization expenses, presenting a promising treatment option for OVCF patients.