Robust fault detection and classification in power transmission lines via ensemble machine learning models

Transmission lines are vital for delivering electricity over long distances, yet they face reliability challenges due to faults that can disrupt power supply and pose safety risks. This research introduces a novel approach for fault detection and classification by analyzing voltage and current patterns across transmission line phases. Leveraging a comprehensive dataset of diverse fault scenarios, various machine learning algorithms—including Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks—are evaluated. An ensemble methodology, RF-LSTM Tuned KNN, is proposed to enhance detection accuracy and robustness. Results indicate that RF-LSTM Tuned KNN achieves a remarkable accuracy of 99.96% on a multi-label dataset, outperforming RF (97.50%) and KNN (96.55%). In binary classification, KNN attains the highest accuracy of 99.85%, closely followed by RF at 99.72%. This methodology provides significant advancements in fault detection capabilities, offering valuable insights for improving grid reliability and stability, and ensuring a more resilient power supply.