Recent Progress and Perspectives on Transition Metal-Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Nitrate Reduction

Electrochemical nitrate reduction is the process of converting nitrate into ammonia or nitrogen using electric energy. This saves energy, protects the environment, and is an important technology for nitrogen resource recovery and water purification. This paper examines recent advances in electrochemical nitrate reduction technology research and analyzes the reaction mechanism and path of electrochemical nitrate reduction as well as the influence of various factors on the reaction path through thermodynamic and kinetic principles. Second, the catalytic performances of transition metal electrocatalysts in the form of single metals, alloys, oxides, and composites in electrochemical nitrate reduction are analyzed in detail, which lays the foundation for the rational development of new, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts. Finally, future development directions and prospects for electrochemical nitrate reduction technology are envisioned.