Distribution of Li, Ga, Nb, and REEs in coal as determined by LA-ICP-MS imaging: A case study from Jungar coalfield, Ordos Basin, China

Previous studies on modes of occurrence of Li, Ga, and Nb in coal are primarily based upon statistical analyses due to the low concentrations of these elements and the lack of methods of direct analysis. Laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) can be used for the in-situ determination of trace elements in minerals. The strong heterogeneity and diversity of macerals lead to a lack of suitable internal calibration elements required for LA-ICP-MS-based analysis of trace elements in coal, making the determination of trace elements in organic matter in coal challenging. In this study, the previously investigated high-Al and Li-Ga-Nb enriched No. 6 coal in the Haerwusu Mine of the Jungar Coalfield, Ordos Basin, China, was chosen for revealing the distribution and modes of occurrence of Li, Ga, Nb, and rare earth elements (REEs; REY if Y included) in coal, using the LA-ICP-MS method of mapping (imaging) technology. The results indicate that the majority of Ga and Nb present within the coal was concentrated within a specific collotelinite layer. Gallium and Nb have an organic association and are rare within minerals (i.e., clay minerals and boehmite). Lithium is homogeneously distributed throughout the clay minerals in the collodetrinite. Most of the La and Ce in the coal are concentrated in La- and Ce-enriched minerals, including monazite, bastnaesite, and lanthanite. The other REEs are concentrated in the Ga- and Nb-enriched collotelinite, along with small amounts of La and Ce. A similar characterization processing may be used to determine the modes of occurrences of trace elements in other organic-rich rocks or fine-grained sediments.