Low voltage anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

阳极 材料科学 假电容 阴极 锂(药物) 电压 储能 超级电容器 电极 工程物理 纳米技术 电容 电气工程 化学 功率(物理) 医学 物理 物理化学 量子力学 内分泌学 工程类
作者
Ali Eftekhari
出处
期刊:Energy Storage Materials [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:7: 157-180 被引量:232
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.01.009
摘要

Abstract Studies of anode materials due to the rapidly growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are an active area of research. However, the primary focus is on the specific capacity and cyclability. An essential requirement of electrode materials is the operating voltage, which is defined by the redox potential, but there is a tendency to sacrifice this feature in favor of higher capacities. For the cathode materials, there is a common categorization based on the operating voltage ( e.g. , high voltage cathode delivering a redox potential between 4.5–5.0 V vs . Li/Li + ), but there is no such categorization for anode materials. The present manuscript aims to provide a general review of the anode material to highlight the importance of the operating voltage for an anode candidate. Furthermore, it is described that compositing the anode materials with carbon nanomaterials can increase the specific capacity for the delithiation, but part of this capacity is due to the carbon capacitance or pseudocapacitance mostly occurring at high potentials, which cannot be gained in the full cell performance. This class of pseudocapacitive anode materials can be of potential interest for energy storage but not appropriate candidates for the conventional LIBs. It is also emphasized that the delithiation process is the main duty of an anode material when a LIB is working.
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