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Biotechnological Importance of Piriformospora indica Verma et al-A Novel Symbiotic Mycorrhiza-like Fungus: An Overview

真菌 生物 菌丝 植物 菌丝体 菌根 共生 细菌 遗传学
作者
Anjana Singh,Archana Singh,Meera Kumari,Mahendra Kumar K,Ajit Varma
摘要

Piriforll/ospvra indica Verma et ai, a newly discovered root colonizing, AM fungi-like fungus, showed prominent positive influence on a wide range of plants of agriculture, forestry and flori-horticultural importance. Interestingly, P. indica has a wide host range of monocots and dicots including legumes, terrestrial o,~chids (Dactylorhiza lIIaculata) and members of the bryophytes (Aneura pinguis). The fungus showed potential as an agent for biological control of disease against soil-borne root pathogens. 32p experiments suggest that this fungus is important for phosphorus acquisition by the roots, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. Mycelium could utilize a wide variety of inorganic and organic phosphate chemicals and produced acid phosphatases at the tip of the hyphae. The fungus was found to act as an excellent tool for biological hardening of tissue culture raised plants (tool for biological hardening). Fungus can be axenically grown on a wide range of synthetic simple and complex media with sucrose or glucose as carbon energy source. Mass cultivation of the fungus can be easily achieved on simplified broth culture. The growth is best obtained between 25-35°C and pH 5.8. The fungus was discovered from the rhizospheric soils of desert plants, Prosopis chilensis Stuntz and Ziziphus /lulI/lIIlllaria Burm. f. in the sandy desert of Rajasthan, North-west India. For its characteristic spore structure the isolate was named Piriforlllospora indica. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of typical doli pore septum with continuous parenthosomes, which indicated that the fungus belongs to the Hymenom)'cetes (Basidiomycota). Sequences of 188 rRNA and 28S rRNA indicate that P. indica is related to the Rhizocto/lia group and the family Sebacinaceae (Basidiomycetes). Immunofluorescence, ELISA, western blot and immuno-gold characterization indicated affinity of P. indica with the members of GlolI/eroll/ycota, namely Glolllerales, Diversisporales and Archeaosporales.

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