Metal organic framework-based magnetic solid phase extraction of pesticides in complex matrices

Magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of pesticide residues in complex matrices is increasingly becoming popular. This can be attributed to the emergence of sorbents such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), with high adsorption capacities and that can be easily fabricated with magnetic nanoparticles. Different types of magnetic MOFs have been used by researchers during MSPE pre-concentration of pesticides in complex matrices. Some researchers have successfully used magnetic MIL-based MOFs as adsorbents of pesticides during their MSPE pre-concentration. The MIL-based MSPE pre-concentration of pesticides is explored in detail in this review. On the other hand, some researchers have used magnetic ZIF series of MOFs for the sorptive pre-concentration of pesticides in food and environmental samples. The utilisation of the ZIF-based MSPE during pesticide pre-concentration is well-articulated in this review. This paper also gives an overview of the application of the HKUST series of MOFs during MSPE pre-concentration of pesticides in complex matrices. In addition, the challenges associated with the use of MOFs during MSPE pre-concentration of pesticides are also discussed in this review.