[Application of different kinds of endotracheal intubation in the combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy].

Objective: To observe the application of three different kinds of endotracheal intubation in the combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy. Methods: one hundred and eighty patients undergoing combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy under general anesthesia from the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February to September 2019 were randomly divided into three groups which include: double-lumen endotracheal intubation group (group S,n=60),single-lumen endotracheal intubation group (group D,n=60) and Coopdech occlusion of bronchial catheter combined with a single-lumen endotracheal intubation group (group C,n=60). The arterial blood samples were collected immediately after endotracheal intubation (T0), 30 min after artificial pneumothorax (single lung ventilation) (T1), 30 min after artificial pneumothorax (double lung ventilation) (T2), and 30 min after extubation (T3) to detect arterial blood gas. Patients' heart rate (HR), blood oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and airway pressure(Paw) were recorded at T0-T3.Completion time of endotracheal intubation, carbon dioxide intrathoracic inflation pressure, degree of lung collapse and incidence of postoperative 3-day pneumonia in three groups were recorded. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients at T0, T2 and the end of the operation (T4) were collected to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in BALF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 14 patients were excluded during the operation, of which 9 cases lasted longer than 6 hours, 3 cases had arrhythmia during the operation and 2 cases lasted less than 1 hour. Finally, 56 cases in group S, 54 cases in group D and 56 cases in group C completed the experiment. The satisfaction rates of lung collapse in group S, group D and group C were 85.7% (48/56), 100.0% (54/54), 89.2% (50/56), respectively, with no statistically significant difference (χ²=1.308, P>0.05). The intrathoracic inflation pressure of carbon dioxide in group D was (10.2±2.2) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which was higher than (5.1±3.4) mmHg in group S and (5.6±3.1) mmHg in group C, the difference was statistically significant (F=-9.303, P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative 3-day pneumonia in group D was 14.8%, which was lower than 39.3% in group S and 17.8% in group C, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=8.300, P<0.05). At T4, the value of TNF-α in group D was (122.4±4.4) ng/L, which was lower than that in group S and group C, (257.9±6.3) and (185.8±5.6) ng/L, with statistically significant difference (F=69.020, P<0.05). At T4, the value of IL-6 in group D was (175.4±4.9) ng/L, which was lower than that of patients in group S and group C, (289.6±6.8) and (226.2±4.4) ng/L, with statistically significant difference (F=59.750, P<0.05). At T4, the value of IL-8 in group D was (303.1±7.2) ng/L, which was lower than in group S and group C, (595.4±22.1) and (436.8±10.9) ng/L, with statistically significant difference (F=55.359, P<0.05). Conclusion: All the three endotracheal intubations can produce satisfactory ventilation effect in the combined thoracoscopic and laparoscopic esophagectomy, however, single-lumen endotracheal intubation has less effect on lung injury.目的： 观察3种气管插管术在胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术中的应用。 方法： 选取郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2019年2至9月择期全麻下行胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术患者180例，采用随机数字表法分为3组（n=60）：双腔气管插管组（S组）、单腔气管插管组（D组）、Coopdech封堵支气管导管联合单腔气管插管组（C组）。采集患者气管插管完成即刻（T0）、人工气胸开始后（单肺通气）30 min（T1）、人工气胸结束后（双肺通气）30 min（T2）、拔管后30 min（T3）的动脉血，检测并分析3组患者动脉血气指标的差异；记录并比较3组患者各个时间点的心率（HR）、血氧分压（PaO2）、血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）及气道压（Paw）；分析3组患者气管插管术完成时间、CO2胸内充气压力、肺萎陷程度、术后3 d肺炎发生率的差异。采集患者T0、T2、手术结束（T4）支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF），应用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测BALF中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素8（IL-8）的水平，并进行比较分析。 结果： 手术过程中一共剔除14例患者，其中9例手术时间超过6 h，3例术中出现心律失常，2例手术时间少于1 h。最终S组56例、D组54例、C组56例完成试验。S组、D组、C组患者肺萎陷满意率分别为85.7%（48/56）、100.0%（54/54）、89.2%（50/56），差异无统计学意义（χ²=1.308，P>0.05）；D组患者CO2胸内充气压力为（10.2±2.2）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），高于S组、C组的（5.1±3.4）和（5.6±3.1）mmHg （F=-9.303，P<0.05）；D组患者术后3 d肺炎发生率为14.8%，低于S组、C组的39.3%和17.8%（χ²=8.300，P<0.05）。T4时D组患者TNF-α值为（122.4±4.4）ng/L，低于S组、C组的（257.9±6.3）和（185.8±5.6）ng/L（F= 69.020，P<0.05）；T4时D组患者IL-6值为（175.4±4.9）ng/L，低于S组、C组的（289.6±6.8）和（226.2±4.4）ng/L，差异有统计学意义（F=59.750，P<0.05）；T4时D组患者IL-8值为（303.1±7.2）ng/L，低于S组、C组的（595.4±22.1）和（436.8±10.9）ng/L（F=55.359，P<0.05）。 结论： 3种气管插管术在胸腹腔镜食管癌根治术中均可以产生满意的通气效果，但是单腔气管插管对肺损伤影响更小。.