Advances in Thymosin β10 Research: Differential Expression, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications in Cancer and Other Conditions

Thymosin beta 10 (Tβ10) is a member of the β-thymosin family, which has biological activities as an actin-sequestering protein involved in cell motility. Tβ10 may be correlated with tumor biology such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis behavior. However, the molecular mechanisms of action of Tβ10 in cancer are largely unknown. Tβ10 is differentially expressed in embryogenesis and neuronal development. Its expression is also increased in many inflammatory conditions and tumorigenesis. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in Tβ10 research including differential expression, functions, mechanisms, gene regulation, and therapeutic applications in cancer, wound healing, and other diseases.