化学物理
材料科学
分子
接受者
化学能
有机半导体
电势能
有机太阳能电池
能量转换
氧化物
电子结构
纳米技术
光电子学
计算化学
化学
能量(信号处理)
物理
聚合物
凝聚态物理
热力学
有机化学
量子力学
复合材料
冶金
作者
Mark Greiner,Michael G. Helander,Wing Man Tang,Zhi-Bin Wang,Jacky Qiu,Zheng‐Hong Lu
出处
期刊:Nature Materials
[Springer Nature]
日期:2011-11-06
卷期号:11 (1): 76-81
被引量:884
摘要
Transition-metal oxides improve power conversion efficiencies in organic photovoltaics and are used as low-resistance contacts in organic light-emitting diodes and organic thin-film transistors. What makes metal oxides useful in these technologies is the fact that their chemical and electronic properties can be tuned to enable charge exchange with a wide variety of organic molecules. Although it is known that charge exchange relies on the alignment of donor and acceptor energy levels, the mechanism for level alignment remains under debate. Here, we conclusively establish the principle of energy alignment between oxides and molecules. We observe a universal energy-alignment trend for a set of transition-metal oxides--representing a broad diversity in electronic properties--with several organic semiconductors. The trend demonstrates that, despite the variance in their electronic properties, oxide energy alignment is governed by one driving force: electron-chemical-potential equilibration. Using a combination of simple thermodynamics, electrostatics and Fermi statistics we derive a mathematical relation that describes the alignment.
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