蛋白酵素
生物
微生物学
先天免疫系统
免疫系统
细菌
蛋白水解酶
细胞内寄生虫
蛋白酶
免疫学
酶
生物化学
遗传学
作者
Grzegorz Dubin,Joanna Kozieł,Krzysztof Pyrć,Benedykt Władyka,Jan Potempa
标识
DOI:10.2174/1381612811319060011
摘要
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved multiple mechanisms aimed to evade host defenses. This review summarizes selected examples of how bacteria utilize proteolytic enzymes to efficiently establish and spread infection systemically. First, the role of proteases in intracellular survival and persistence – the primary means used by bacteria to endure phagocytosis and/or avoid the vigilance of the immune system – is discussed. Second, it is demonstrated how some bacteria escape entanglement in fibrin(ogen) meshes, by inducing their proteolytic dissolution while other species modify the proteolytic cascade of mesh formation to divert this important innate immune defense for their own benefit. Third, bacterial proteolytic toxins are introduced, which allow microorganisms to exert and take advantage of systemic effects already during primary, localized infection. Finally, it is discussed how viruses utilize bacterial proteases by taking advantage of concurrent infection, and how pathogens may even mutually benefit from the joint presence of other pathogens. The reviewed adaptations are often essential for pathogen survival in the hostile environment of a host organism. As such, the potential benefits of pharmacological interference in relevant pathways for the struggle against bacterial pathogens are also discussed. Keywords: Protease, proteinase, bacteria, intracellular survival, coagulation, fibrinolysis, toxins, viral infection, pathogenesis.
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