Use of Oral Contraceptives in Pregnancy and Major Structural Birth Defects in Offspring

腹裂 医学 怀孕 优势比 产科 后代 置信区间 无脑 脐膨出 泌尿生殖系统 儿科 胎儿 内科学 遗传学 生物
作者
D. Kim Waller,M. Shayne Gallaway,Lockwood G. Taylor,Tunu Ramadhani,Mark A. Canfield,Angela E. Scheuerle,Sonia Hernández–Dı́az,Carol Louik,Adolfo Correa
出处
期刊:Epidemiology [Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]
卷期号:21 (2): 232-239 被引量:49
标识
DOI:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181c9fbb3
摘要

Background: Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most commonly used reversible contraceptive method among US women. Although the majority of previous studies have reported no association between OC use during pregnancy and birth defects, some studies have reported increased occurrence of neural tube defects, limb reduction defects, and urinary tract anomalies. Methods: We assessed OC use among mothers who participated in the multisite, case-control, National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Mothers of 9986 infants with 32 types of birth defects and 4000 infants without birth defects were included. Results: Maternal OC use during the first 3 months of pregnancy was associated with an increased odds ratio for 2 of 32 birth defects: hypoplastic left heart syndrome (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3 [95% confidence interval = 1.3–4.3) and gastroschisis (1.8 [1.3–2.7]). Conclusion: Previous reports of associations between OC use and specific types of anomalies were not corroborated. Given that associations were assessed for 32 types of birth defects, our findings of 2 increased associations between OC use and gastroschisis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome should be interpreted as hypotheses until they can be evaluated further. Overall, our findings are consistent with the majority of previous studies that found women who use OCs during early pregnancy have no increased risk for most types of major congenital malformations.
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