Effect of Grafted Copolymer Composition on Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Stability and Transport in Porous Media at High Salinity

化学工程 纳米颗粒 丙烯酸 吸附 化学 共聚物 水溶液 高分子化学 有机化学 聚合物 工程类
作者
Zheng Xue,Edward L. Foster,Yonggang Wang,Susheela Nayak,Victoria Cheng,Vincent W. Ngo,Kurt D. Pennell,Christopher W. Bielawski,Keith P. Johnston
出处
期刊:Energy & Fuels [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:28 (6): 3655-3665 被引量:82
标识
DOI:10.1021/ef500340h
摘要

The transport of engineered nanoparticles in porous media is of interest in numerous applications including electromagnetic imaging of subsurface reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, and CO2 sequestration. A series of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid) (poly(AMPS-co-AA)) random copolymers were grafted onto iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) to provide colloidal stability in American Petroleum Institute (API) standard brine (8 wt/wt % NaCl and 2 wt/wt %CaCl2, anhydrous basis). A combinatorial approach, which employed grafting poly(AMPS-co-AA) with wide ranges of compositions onto platform amine-functionalized IO NPs via a 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbondiimidecarbondiimide (EDC) catalyzed amidation, was used to screen a large number of polymeric coatings. The ratio of AMPS/AA was varied from 1:1 to 20:1 to balance the requirements of particle stabilization, low adsorption/retention (provided by 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)), and permanent attachment of stabilizer (provided by acrylic acid (AA)). The resulting nanoparticles remained stable in aqueous suspension despite the extremely high salinity conditions and exhibited low adsorption on silica microspheres. Greater than 91% of applied IO-NP mass was transported through columns packed quartz sand, and the mobility of IO NP increased by ca. 6% when the AMPS to AA ratio was increased from 1:1 to 3:1, consistent with batch adsorption data. In both static batch reactor and dynamic column tests, the observed attachment of IO NPs was attributed to divalent cation (Ca2+) mediated bridging and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, the rapid, high throughput combinatorial approach of grafting and screening (via batch adsorption) provides for the development of high mobility NPs for delivery in various porous media under high salinity conditions.
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