Highly enhanced electrochemiluminescence based on synergetic catalysis effect of enzyme and Pd nanoparticles for ultrasensitive immunoassay

An immunosensor based on the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of luminol was proposed by coupling enzymatic reaction to in situ generate coreactant with Pd nanoparticles as catalyst for the ECL reaction, which was successfully applied for the ultrasensitive detection of α-1-fetoprotein with a low detection limit of 33 fg mL−1.