Recognition of freezing of gait in Parkinson’s disease based on combined wearable sensors

Abstract Freezing of gait is a common gait disorder among patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease and is associated with falls. This paper designed the relevant experimental procedures to obtain FoG signals from PD patients. Accelerometers, gyroscopes, and force sensing resistor sensors were placed on the lower body of patients. On this basis, the research on the optimal feature extraction method, sensor configuration, and feature quantity selection in the FoG detection process is carried out. Thirteen typical features consisting of time domain, frequency domain and statistical features were extracted from the sensor signals. Firstly, we used the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to select features through comparing the effectiveness of two feature selection methods. Secondly, we evaluated the detection effects with different combinations of sensors to get the best sensors configuration. Finally, we selected the optimal features to construct FoG recognition model based on random forest. After comprehensive consideration of factors such as detection performance, cost, and actual deployment requirements, the 35 features obtained from the left shank gyro and accelerometer, and 78.39% sensitivity, 91.66% specificity, 88.09% accuracy, 77.58% precision and 77.98% f-score were achieved. This objective FoG recognition method has high recognition accuracy, which will be helpful for early FoG symptoms screening and treatment.