Recent progress in interfacial photo-vapor conversion technology using metal sulfide-based semiconductor materials

Interfacial photo-vapor conversion technology (IPVCT), as a promising technology to solve the shortage of drinking water, has attracted increasing attention. Metal sulfide-based semiconductor materials (MSSMs) possessing unique internal structures, high optical absorption, water delivery channels, and desired thermal transportation capability. MSSMs have showed an excellent photo-vapor conversion performance. The current review summarizes the basic mechanisms of IPVCT based on various MSSMs. We firstly discuss the current development in enhancing photothermal conversion efficiency such as the thermal management and optimization of the internal water channels of photothermal materials. Importantly, we present the current state of art in the applications of IPVCT based on MSSMs, as well as wide of other implementation beyond a steam generation. Finally, we highlight the research gaps in the field of MSSMs in IPVCT, and suggest the future research directions. This is to evoke joint fundamental and industrial research efforts toward cost-effective, practical and useful solar evaporation systems based on MSSMs.