Premorbid educational attainment is a well-known proxy of reserve, not only with regard to cognition, but also to motor symptoms.In the present study, we investigated the relationship between educational attainment and long-term motor prognosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).We analyzed 466 patients with de novo PD without dementia who underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) scans and were followed up more than 2 years. Patients were divided into three groups: low education (years-of-education ≤6, n = 125), intermediate education (6