Facing the capacity fading of vanadium-based zinc-ion batteries

Abstract

Because of their high capacity and appropriate structure, vanadium (V)-based materials make up a large proportion of the research on cathodes for rechargeable aqueous zinc–ion batteries (AZIBs). Unfortunately, as a result of catastrophic structural instability and the participation of highly active water, V-based batteries typically suffer from rapid capacity decay, especially under small currents, posing a serious challenge to advancing their commercialization. This review exhaustively elucidates the degradation mechanisms through profiling the process of ion insertion/extraction, and critically summarizes the corresponding strategies. Finally, comprehensive perspectives are proposed from the systemic evaluation criteria and potential investigation direction, which are expected to provide scientific guidelines for beginners in V-based AZIB field.