New insights into the mechanisms of diabetic kidney disease: Role of circadian rhythm and Bmal1

It is common for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) to be complicated by abnormal blood glucose, blood lipids, and blood pressure rhythms. Thus, it is essential to examine diagnostic and treatment plans from the perspective of circadian disruption. This brief review discusses the clinical relevance of circadian rhythms in DKD and how the core clock gene encoding brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (BMAL1) functions owing to the importance of circadian rhythm disruption processes, including the excretion of urinary protein and irregular blood pressure, which occur in DKD. Exploring Bmal1 and its potential mechanisms and signaling pathways in DKD following contact with Sirt1 and NF-κB is novel and important. Finally, potential pharmacological and behavioral intervention strategies for DKD circadian rhythm disturbance are outlined. This review aids in unveiling novel, potential molecular targets for DKD based on circadian rhythms.