Biomechanics of the Spine and Spinal Cord and Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injuries

This chapter investigates the complex interaction between the biomechanics of the spine and spinal cord and the pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries. The chapter begins by discussing the unique anatomical and biomechanical features of the spinal cord, emphasizing the need for a thorough understanding of the kinematics of the spine to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of traumatic spinal cord injuries. The biomechanical properties of the spinal cord and its supporting structures vary across different regions of the spine, leading to varying degrees of resilience and susceptibility to external forces. The chapter provides a detailed overview of the essential anatomy of the spine, including the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, ligaments, and muscles, which play a critical role in stabilizing and protecting the spinal cord. In addition to the structural features of the spine, the chapter also delves into the mechanics of the spinal cord itself, including its compliance, elasticity, and viscoelastic properties. The author provides a comprehensive overview of the biomechanical factors that contribute to spinal cord injuries, including the magnitude, duration, and direction of the applied forces. To provide a comprehensive understanding of spinal cord injuries, the chapter also examines the underlying pathophysiology of these injuries. The author discusses the complex cascade of events that occur following a traumatic spinal cord injury, including primary and secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation, and cell death. The chapter also discusses the importance of early intervention and the potential benefits of neuroprotective and regenerative therapies.