A novel ·OH‐monitor ER‐targeted probe to expose the function of Sorafenib

Abstract The hydroxyl radical (⋅OH), widely recognized as the most potent free radical, plays a crucial role in numerous physiological and pathological pathways due to its strong oxidizability.Ferroptosis, as a novel mode of cell death, is initiated by the accumulation of iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Among them, ⋅OH as the original reactive oxygen species (ROSs)is mass‐produced due to Fenton reaction in vivo and closely related to cancer treatment.Besides, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a membrane‐rich structure organelle, is a crucial organelle in all eukaryotes where excessive expression of ROSs, including ⋅OH can triggerER stress which was reported thatwasclosely related toferroptosis. So developing a new probe for their interrelationship research is important. In this paper, we constructed a1,8‐naphthalimide‐based ER‐targeted fluorescence probe named M‐1 to monitor ⋅OH variation in vitro and vivo. What's more, we achieved the monitor of ⋅OH during ER stress andferroptosis processesin cancer cells, andfurther explored the important role of ER stress and ferroptosis processes in SF (sorafenib) involved cancer cells.