MXene-based electrochemical sensors

Electrochemical sensors have been commonly used in chemical sensing and analysis, with advantages of high detection sensitivity and selectivity, rapid response, low cost, and portability. As a key component in an electrochemical sensor, the electrode material largely determines the sensing performance. Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes), as an emerging two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and rich active surface sites. The modification of MXenes with functional materials has been successfully demonstrated to tune the electronic properties, catalytic activity, surface structure, and active sites of MXenes. The reported MXene-based hybrid electrochemical sensors show promising sensing performance for various types of analytes. This chapter aims to review recent advances in MXene-based hybrid electrochemical sensors with a focus on heavy metal ion sensing, organic molecule sensing, and gas sensing. The challenges and future directions of MXene-based electrochemical sensors are also discussed.