Hydrogen role in energy transition: A comparative review

This comparative review explores the pivotal role of hydrogen in the global energy transition towards a low-carbon future. The study provides an exhaustive analysis of hydrogen as an energy carrier, including its production, storage, distribution, and utilization, and compares its advantages and challenges with other renewable energy sources. The study emphasizes the potential of hydrogen, produced via electrolysis powered by conventional and renewables, as a promising solution for abate sectors such as heavy industries, transport, and heating applications. Despite its potential, the study recognizes significant obstacles, such as high production costs, lack of adequate infrastructure for transport and storage, and the need for supportive policies and regulatory frameworks. A key insight is that hydrogen is not in competition with other renewable technologies, but rather, is a vital complement, especially for addressing renewable intermittency and energy storage issues. A regional analysis shows varied levels of readiness and adoption, with Europe, United States and, East Asia leading in policy support and infrastructure development. The study concludes with the broader social and economic implications of a hydrogen economy, including regional development opportunities. The review study underscores the substantial role of hydrogen in the energy transition, while acknowledging the challenges that need to be addressed through technology advancements, policy support, and international collaboration.