Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Treating Musculoskeletal Disorders

纳米载体 间充质干细胞 微泡 脂肪组织 医学 材料科学 纳米技术 纳米颗粒 化学 小RNA 病理 内科学 生物化学 基因
作者
Ao Tang,Qing Shu,Shaohui Jia,Zhihao Lai,Jun Tian
出处
期刊:International Journal of Nanomedicine [Dove Medical Press]
卷期号:Volume 19: 13547-13562
标识
DOI:10.2147/ijn.s486622
摘要

Musculoskeletal disorders are a series of diseases involving bone, muscle, cartilage, and tendon, mainly caused by chronic strain, degenerative changes, and structural damage due to trauma. The disorders limit the function of patients due to pain and significantly reduce their quality of life. In recent years, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively applied in regeneration medicine research due to their particular abilities of self-renewal, differentiation, and targeted homing and are more easily accessed compared with other sources. The paracrine effect of ADSCs plays a crucial role in intercellular communication by releasing mass mediators, including cytokines and growth factors, particularly the exosomes they secrete. Not only do these exosomes possess low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and an enhanced ability to penetrate a bio-barrier, but they also inherit their parent cells' characteristics and carry various bioactive molecules to release to targeted cells, modulating their biological process. Meanwhile, these characteristics also make exosomes a natural nanocarrier capable of targeted drug delivery to specific sites, enhancing the bioavailability of drugs within the body and achieving precision therapy with fewer toxic side effects. Furthermore, the integration of exosomes with tissue engineering and chemical modification strategies can also significantly enhance their efficacy in facilitating tissue repair. However, the current research on ADSC-Exos for improving MSDs remains at an early stage and needs further exploration. Therefore, this review summarized the ADSC-Exo as a nanodrug carrier characteristics and mechanism in the treatment of fracture, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, and tendon injury, which push forward the research progress of ADSC-Exo therapy for MSDs.
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