Effect of Interfacial Interaction on the Conformational Variation of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) Chains in PVDF/Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanocomposite Fibers and Corresponding Mechanical Properties

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite fibers were dry-jet wet spun at the GO concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 wt % with respect to the polymer. The as-spun fibers were drawn in the draw ratio (DR) range of 2-6.5, and the correlation between the PVDF chain conformation and the mechanical properties of the fibers upon drawing has been studied by two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy of Fourier-transformed infrared, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. The PVDF/GO nanocomposite fibers exhibited that the mobile PVDF crystals due to the conformational defects and kinks were nucleated because of the polar interaction between PVDF chains and functional groups of GO, whereas the control PVDF fiber showed the conventional conversion of crystal polymorphs (α and γ phases to β phase). As a result, the nanocomposite fiber showed dramatically improved toughness (enhanced by 1123% at a DR of 2 and 120% at a DR of 6.5) as compared to that of the control fiber. Furthermore, the tensile strength and modulus of the PVDF/GO (2 wt %) fiber were 394 MPa and 4.6 GPa, respectively, whereas those of the control PVDF fiber were 295 MPa and 3.9 GPa, respectively.