Microstructure with diffusion MRI: what scale we are sensitive to?

• Analysis of the sensitivity of the Stejskal-Tanner measurement to microstructure. • Balancing measurability against interpretability. • A brief overview of advanced measurement techniques. Diffusion-weighted MRI is the forerunner of the rapidly developed microstructure MRI ( μ MRI) aimed at in vivo evaluation of the cellular tissue architecture. This brief review focuses on the spatiotemporal scales of the microstructure that are accessible using different diffusion MRI techniques and the need to weight the measurability against the interpretability of results. Diffusion phenomena and models are first classified in two-dimensional space (the q-t-plane) of the measurement with narrow gradient pulses. Three-dimensional parameter space of the Stejskal–Tanner diffusion weighting adds more phenomena to this collection. Modern measurement techniques with larger number of parameters are briefly discussed under the overarching idea of diffusion weighting matching the geometry of the targeted cell species.