Progress in the fabrication and application of photonic crystals

It has been over 20 years since the concept of photonic crystal was proposed. Photonic crystal is now an important part of nano/micro-optics and quantum optics, and is also applied in many fields, such as information optics etc. The paper is focused on the progress in the fabrication of photonic crystals, especially the fabrication of two-dimensional and three-dimensional photonics. Meanwhile, the application of the photonic crystal is also reviewed. Then some perspectives are proposed.