电解质
阳极
锂(药物)
无机化学
碱金属
化学
溶剂
电化学
钠
分解
材料科学
化学工程
有机化学
电极
物理化学
内分泌学
工程类
医学
作者
Xiang Chen,Xin Shen,Bo Li,Hong‐Jie Peng,Xin‐Bing Cheng,Bo‐Quan Li,Xue‐Qiang Zhang,Jia‐Qi Huang,Qiang Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.201711552
摘要
Lithium and sodium metal batteries are considered as promising next-generation energy storage devices due to their ultrahigh energy densities. The high reactivity of alkali metal toward organic solvents and salts results in side reactions, which further lead to undesirable electrolyte depletion, cell failure, and evolution of flammable gas. Herein, first-principles calculations and in situ optical microscopy are used to study the mechanism of organic electrolyte decomposition and gas evolution on a sodium metal anode. Once complexed with sodium ions, solvent molecules show a reduced LUMO, which facilitates the electrolyte decomposition and gas evolution. Such a general mechanism is also applicable to lithium and other metal anodes. We uncover the critical role of ion-solvent complexation for the stability of alkali metal anodes, reveal the mechanism of electrolyte gassing, and provide a mechanistic guidance to electrolyte and lithium/sodium anode design for safe rechargeable batteries.
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