Ultrathin polydopamine film coated gold nanoparticles: a sensitive, uniform, and stable SHINERS substrate for detection of benzotriazole

) of the Australian government water guide, but also lower than that of some modern methods such as fluorescence, liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the substrate showed excellent discrimination against other compounds with a single aromatic ring. It is expected that the Au@PDA SHINERS substrate will offer great potential for analysis application in a complicated environmental system.