Restricted and epitaxial growth of MnO2-x nano-flowers in/out carbon nanofibers for long-term cycling stability supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers (CFs) have been widely applied as electrodes for energy storage devices owing to the features of increased contact area between electrodes and electrolyte, and shortened transmission route of electrons. However, the poor electrochemical activity and severe waste of space hinder their further application as supercapacitors electrodes. In this work, MnO